Conditions and Treatments
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Condition
Accessory Navicular
Related to: Clubfoot
Accessory navicular occurs when there is an extra bone or piece of cartilage located on the inner side of the foot just above the arch.
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Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a condition that causes an abnormal curving of the spine in otherwise healthy adolescents.
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Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis is a term used to describe a variety of conditions that cause contractures (stiffness) in multiple joints and limit range of motion.
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Asymmetric Brachycephaly
Related to: Cranial Asymmetry
Asymmetric brachycephaly causes a baby to have flatness across the back of their head, which is worse on one side than the other.
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Bicoronal Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Bicoronal synostosis generally presents itself as a short, wide head shape with the forehead tilted forward, also known as brachycephaly.
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Blount’s Disease
Blount’s disease affects the growth plates in the bones of the lower leg, causing them to bow outward.
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Bone Cancers
Bone cancers can lead to reduced mobility, loss of growth plates, and the need for orthotic and/or prosthetic care.
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Brachycephaly
Related to: Cranial Asymmetry
Brachycephaly generally appears as flattening across the back of the head with a prominent forehead, widening above the ears, and the height of the baby’s head may appear taller.
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Burn Injuries
Burn injuries are often the result of fire, scalding, or electrical / chemical contact, which may lead to contractures (joint stiffness) that can affect growth and movement.
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Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT)
CMT is a genetic condition that affects the nerves in your feet, legs, hands, and arms. Orthotic devices can help maintain mobility.
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Clubfoot
Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus (TEV), occurs when one or both feet are rotated inward and downward.
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Congenital Femoral Deficiency
Related to: Congenital Short Femur
Also known as Congenital Short Femur, Congential Femoral Deficiency (CFD) occurs when the femur (thigh bone) fails to grow correctly in utero, resulting in a limb length difference.
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Congenital Scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine present at birth due to the incorrect formation of spinal bones (vertebrae) during the baby’s development.
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Congenital Short Femur
Congenital Short Femur, also known as Congenital Femoral Deficiency (CFD), occurs when the thigh bone (femur) fails to grow correctly in utero, resulting in a limb length difference.
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Coronal Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Coronal synostosis occurs when the sutures running from the ears to the top of the skull fuse together, causing the head to flatten on the affected side and bulge on the unaffected side.
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Cranial Asymmetry
When skull growth is restricted, it may cause a flat or asymmetrical head shape to occur.
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Cranial Remolding Orthosis
A noninvasive custom cranial remolding orthosis, also known as a helmet, is recommended for babies with cranial asymmetries to improve the shape of the head.
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Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures that prevents the normal perpendicular bone growth of your baby’s skull.
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Down Syndrome
Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21.
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Femoral Anteversion
Femoral anteversion is an inward twisting of the thigh bone, also known as the femur.
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Fibular Hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia is a condition in which a child is born with a portion or all of the fibula missing.
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Genetic Disorders
A genetic disorder is any illness or disease caused by a change in a person’s genetic information or DNA.
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Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia, also referred to as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where a baby’s hip joint does not form correctly.
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Hypertonia
Hypertonia is a condition in which there is excessive muscle tone that can cause stiffness in the arms or legs.
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Hypotonia
Hypotonia is a medical term used to describe decreased muscle tone.
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Lambdoid Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Lambdoid synostosis is rare and occurs when the suture running along the back of the head fuses together.
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Limb Differences Linked with Syndromes
There are a few relatively rare congenital vascular syndromes that may require orthotic and/or prosthetic care.
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Lower Limb Bracing
A lower limb brace may be used to enhance mobility, improve alignment, correct abnormal walking patterns, protect and support your child’s bones and muscles, and help achieve their goals.
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Metatarsus Adductus
Related to: Clubfoot
Metatarsus adductus, also known as metatarsus varus, causes the front half of the foot, or forefoot, to turn inward.
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Metopic Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Metopic synostosis occurs when the suture running from the bridge of the nose through the forehead to the top of the skull fuses together, leading to a triangular head shape known as trigonocephaly.
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Multi-Suture Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Multi-suture synostosis is the early closure of two or more cranial sutures, potentially causing an asymmetrical head shape.
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Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a family of diseases that causes decreased muscle size and increased muscle weakness.
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Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Neuromuscular scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine resulting from an underlying condition.
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Pectus Carinatum
Pectus carinatum occurs when the cartilage in between the ribs grows abnormally and causes the chest to protrude forward.
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Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy refers to the many conditions that involve damage to the peripheral nervous system.
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Plagiocephaly
Related to: Cranial Asymmetry
Plagiocephaly, also known as “flat head syndrome,” is the most common form of cranial asymmetry and is usually identified by a flattening on one side of the back of the head.
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Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD)
Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency (PFFD) occurs when one or both femurs (thigh bones) do not grow to the normal length in utero.
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Sagittal Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Sagittal synostosis occurs when the suture running from front to back at the top of the skull fuses together and forces the head into a long and narrow shape.
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Scaphocephaly
Related to: Cranial Asymmetry
Scaphocephaly is a type of cranial asymmetry and is typically observed as a long, narrow head shape.
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Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
Scheuermann’s kyphosis is a spine condition that causes rounding of the upper back due to an abnormal bone growth of at least three consecutive vertebrae (spinal bones).
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Scoliosis Bracing
A scoliosis brace, also known as a Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Orthosis (TLSO), applies pressure over the back in specific areas to straighten the spine and stop the progression of the curve.
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Spina Bifida
Spina bifida occurs when the spine and spinal cord don’t form properly in utero.
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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Talar Coalition
Related to: Clubfoot
Talar coalition is the fusion of two or more bones in the mid and hindfoot.
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Tibial Hemimelia
Tibial hemimelia is a condition in which a child is born with a portion or all of the tibia (shin bone) missing.
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Tibial Torsion
Tibial torsion specifically is either the internal or external rotation of the lower leg bone (tibia).
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Toe Walking
Toe walking is the diagnosis given to children who walk on their toes when all other medical diagnoses have been ruled out.
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Torticollis
Congenital muscular torticollis is a tightness of one of the muscles in a baby’s neck.
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Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that disrupts the normal function of the brain.
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Traumatic Limb Loss
Traumatic limb loss is the loss of a limb from an accident. Prosthetic technology can help improve mobility and function.
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Trisomy 21
Related to: Down Syndrome
Also known as Down syndrome, trisomy 21 is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome.
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Tummy Time
Related to: Cranial Asymmetry
Tummy time and repositioning are two important early interventions that may help a flattened head shape.
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Unicoronal Synostosis
Related to: Craniosynostosis
Unicoronal synostosis is when one side of the forehead is flat, with an aggressively arched eyebrow on that same side and a subtle tilt to the nose.
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Upper Limb Congenital Limb Difference
Children with upper limb congenital limb difference born without a fully formed arm may wear multiple prosthetic arms throughout life.
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Vertical Talus
Related to: Clubfoot
Vertical talus, also known as congenital vertical talus (CVT), is a rare foot condition that presents as an extreme case of flatfoot.
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